Latin America

Brazil
In the beginning of the 1800s a small amount of people migrated to Brazil, but in the end of the 1800s to mid 1900s the immigration shot up by 1000%. After that however, a half of that immigrated to Brazil. There were many natives there before, but also a lot of slaves were moved into Brazil. Also many Europeans came here seeking for a new chance, similar to USA. Long term migration has been mostly in to the country from either Africa as slaves or from Europe.
Now though, Brazilians are moving out of the country, seeking for a better chance at life. They are usually moving to developed countries, such as USA, Canada, Japan and Portugal. Also people from neighbouring countries move into Brazil as many are poor or the situation in the country is bad.

Main causes for emigration is looking for education, healthcare or a less corrupt government.
Immigration is due to same reasons, but it is from neighbouring countries where the situation is even worse.

Immigration has good and bad effects. The positives would definitely be getting new workforce, getting more diverse in culture and giving homes to people.
Emigration also gives the chance for many people who did not have it back home. People often get educated abroad and move back or work for some time and come back with more money, or just send some money home.

There are also negative effects. Immigration is expensive for the government as they have to provide education to people, support them, give them medical aid and so on.
Emigration is also bad because the intelligent often leave the country searching for better opportunities. Also the workforce is leaving and some people live their families behind, so it is much harder for these people.Cuba

People first came to cuba from mainly Spain. They also came from the neighbouring islands, the US, China and so on. Also people from Cuba have immigrated to the US for a long time escaping their dictatorship and trying to get a better life. People at first came to Cuba to get new opportunities and start over.
Nowadays people are migrating to America to find jobs, education, medical care, political refuge and so on.

This has good effects by helping the people. For the country it is bad, but for the people who are leaving, it is often good. They manage to earn money, live longer, get better opportunities and much more. Many also send money back to Cuba that they earned abroad to help their families.

Negative would be that Cuba loses its intelligent and ambitious people.